Ageing leads to profound alterations in the immune system and increases susceptibility to
some chronic, infectious and autoimmune diseases. In recent years, widespread application …

Simple Summary In the fight against cancer, immunotherapies have given great hope after
encouraging results in clinical investigations showing complete remission in some patients …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple
organ inflammatory damage and wide spectrum of autoantibodies. The autoantibodies …

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are characterized by the production of autoreactive
lymphocytes, immune responses to self-antigens, and inflammation in related tissues and …

Immune checkpoint receptors such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-
lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), and T cell …

Antibody-secreting plasma cells (PCs) are generated in secondary lymphoid organs but are
reported to reside in an emerging range of anatomical sites. Analysis of the transcriptome of …

During the past decade, there has been a revolution in cancer therapeutics by the
emergence of antibody-based immunotherapies that modulate immune responses against …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal tumors in China and worldwide,
although first-line therapies for HCC, such as atezolizumab and bevacizumab, have been …

The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has evolved rapidly with unprecedented
treatment benefits being obtained for cancer patients, including improved patient survival …

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is an immune checkpoint molecule that is mainly
expressed on activated T cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells that inhibits T-cell activation and …