All mammalian oocytes and eggs are surrounded by a relatively thick extracellular matrix
(ECM), the zona pellucida (ZP), that plays vital roles during oogenesis, fertilization, and …

Reproductive diseases are a long‐standing problem and have become more common in the
world. Currently, 15% of the world's population suffers from infertility, and half of them are …

Various pathogenic factors can lead to oogenesis failure and seriously affect both female
reproductive health and fertility. Genetic factors play an important role in folliculogenesis and …

STUDY QUESTION Is a recurrent heterozygous mutation in ZP2, c. 1925G> A (p. R642Q),
associated with the Empty follicle syndrome (EFS)? SUMMARY ANSWER ZP2, c. 1925G> A …

Research question Which genetic variants might explain the causes of empty follicle
syndrome (EFS) and abnormal zona pellucida (ZP) and affect the success of treatment with …

Background In mammals, normal fertilization depends on the structural and functional
integrity of the zona pellucida (ZP), which is an extracellular matrix surrounding oocytes …

Introduction Human zona pellucida (ZP) plays an important role in reproductive process.
Several rare mutations in the encoding genes (ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3) have been demonstrated …

Purpose The aim of this study was to identify the disease-causing mutations found in three
infertile female patients who were diagnosed with abnormal zona pellucida (ZP) and empty …

Zona pellucida (ZP) which is an extracellular matrix consisting of ZP1, ZP2, ZP3, and ZP4
plays a vital role in oocyte maturity, early embryonic development, and fertilization process …

The zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular glycoprotein matrix surrounding mammalian
oocytes. Recently, numerous mutations in genes encoding ZP proteins have been shown to …