To combat infection, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster relies on multiple innate defense
reactions, many of which are shared with higher organisms. These reactions include the use …

A major innate defense system in invertebrates is the melanization of pathogens and
damaged tissues. This important process is controlled by the enzyme phenoloxidase (PO) …

Melanisation is an important immune response in many invertebrates. Recent evidence also
strongly implies that the melanisation (prophenoloxidase activating) cascade is intimately …

Employing the clear, student-friendly style that made previous editions so popular, Insect
Physiology and Biochemistry, Fourth Edition presents an engaging and authoritative guide …

Cell-mediated immunity in arthropods: Hematopoiesis, coagulation, melanization and
opsonization - ScienceDirect Skip to main contentSkip to article Elsevier logo Journals & Books …

Insect prophenoloxidase (PPO) is an important innate immunity protein due to its
involvement in cellular and humoral defense. It belongs to a group of type-3 copper …

Many innate immune mechanisms are conserved throughout the animal kingdom. Manduca
sexta, a widely used model for insect biochemical research, employs these mechanisms to …

CLIP proteases are non-digestive serine proteases present in hemolymph of insects and
other arthropods. They are composed of one or more amino-terminal clip domains followed …

Lepidopteran insects provide important model systems for innate immunity of insects,
particularly for cell biology of hemocytes and biochemical analyses of plasma proteins …

Arthropods have open circulatory systems and must seal wounds and keep bacteria from
entering the hemocoel using efficient clotting systems. Enzymes that crosslink the clot …