The neuroendocrine mechanism underlying stress responses in vertebrates is hypothesized
to be highly conserved and evolutionarily ancient. Indeed, elements of this mechanism, from …

Nearly a century ago, Homer Smith proposed that the glomerulus evolved to meet the
challenge of excretion of water in freshwater vertebrates. This hypothesis has been …

Hagfishes are characterized by omo-and iono-conforming nature similar to marine
invertebrates. Conventionally, hagfishes had been recognized as the most primitive living …

Although corticosteroid-mediated hepatic gluconeogenic activity in response to stress has
been extensively studied in fishes and other vertebrates, there is little information on the …

Hagfish consume carrion, potentially exposing them to hypoxia, hypercapnia, and high
environmental ammonia (HEA). We investigated branchial and cutaneous ammonia …

Hagfishes are unique to the vertebrate lineage in that they acquire dissolved nutrients
across multiple epithelia including the intestine, gill, and skin. This feat has been attributed …

Hagfish are capable of tolerating extreme hypercapnia (> 30 Torr) by mounting substantial
plasma [HCO 3−](hypercarbia) to compensate for CO 2-mediated acidosis. The goal of this …

The efficacy of three common fish anesthetics (clove oil, 2-phenoxyethanol, and tricaine
methanesulfonate) was evaluated in the Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii). The overarching …

Hagfishes are characterized by omo-and iono-conforming nature similar to marine
invertebrates. Conventionally, hagfishes had been recognized as the most primitive living …

Hagfishes are ancient vertebrates, which have the ability to tolerate nearly a year of food
deprivation with energy during fasting maintained using lipid stores. While lipid transporters …