Chemistry is often regarded as a difficult subject, an observation which sometimes repels
learners from continuing with studies in chemistry. This paper seeks to bring together the …

The present paper presents a detailed thematic review of chemical bonding studies. To
achieve this, a matrix is developed to summarize and present the findings by focusing on …

Much scholarship in chemical education draws upon the model of there being three 'levels'
at which the teaching and learning of chemistry operates, a notion which is often …

The purpose of this article is to review recent research on self-regulated learning and
discuss the implications of this research for science education. We draw on examples of self …

Conceptual change research investigates the processes through which learners
substantially revise prior knowledge and acquire new concepts. Tracing its heritage to …

Modelling is the essence of thinking and working scientifically. But how do secondary
students view science models? Usually as toys or miniatures of real-life objects with few …

In this article, we examine the role of visuospatial cognition in chemistry learning. We review
three related kinds of literature: correlational studies of spatial abilities and chemistry …

Many students have difficulty learning symbolic and molecular representations of chemistry.
This study investigated how students developed an understanding of chemical …

It is argued that a central role for models and modelling would greatly increase the
authenticity of the science curriculum. The range of ontological states available for the notion …

Constructing Representations to Learn in Science Current research into student learning in
science has shifted attention from the traditional cognitivist perspectives of conceptual …