ABSTRACT Introduction Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2. 1.1) play a pivotal role in the
regulation of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, and hydrogen ions within bacterial cells, ensuring …

Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are entities found in the prokaryotic genomes, with eight
reported types. Type II, the best characterized, is comprised of two genes organized as an …

The ability of pathogenic bacteria to evade antibiotic treatment is an intricate and
multifaceted phenomenon. Over the years, treatment failure among patients due to …

The global issue of antimicrobial resistance poses significant challenges to public health.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted it as a major global health threat …

Hydroponic greenhouses and vertical farms provide an alternative crop production strategy
in regions that experience low temperatures, suboptimal sunlight, or inadequate soil quality …

Pathogenic bacteria, the major causative agents of aquaculture diseases, are a serious
impediment to the aquaculture industry. However, the bioinformatics of pathogenic bacteria …

Bacterial ubiquitous Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) systems are considered to be important survival
mechanisms during stress conditions. In regular environmental conditions, the antitoxin …

Quinolone resistance has been largely related to the presence of specific point mutations in
chromosomal targets, with an accessory role of impaired uptake and enhanced pump-out …

The advent of effective drug regimen and BCG vaccine has significantly decreased the rate
of morbidity and mortality of TB. However, lengthy treatment and slower recovery rate, as …

Escherichia coli is a highly versatile microorganism with a unique ability to survive and
persist in varied niches of the human and animal hosts and the environment. While …