Background Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is the most common cause of persistent
hypoglycemia in infants and children, and carries a considerable risk of neurological …

This review focuses on the human pancreatic islet—including its structure, cell composition,
development, function, and dysfunction. After providing a historical timeline of key …

The brain relies almost exclusively on glucose for fuel. Therefore, adequate uptake of
glucose from the plasma is key for normal brain function and survival. Despite wide …

Maintenance of glucose homeostasis via initiation of glucose production is one of the critical
physiological events that results in a smooth transition and adaptation to extrauterine life. A …

Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid that must be supplied in the daily diet, plays an
important role in controlling protein synthesis and regulating cell metabolism in various cell …

Glucose, like oxygen, is of fundamental importance for any living being and it is the major
energy source for the fetus and the neonate during gestation. The placenta ensures a steady …

BACKGROUND. Excessive insulin secretion may lead to glucose dysregulation. Our aim
was to identify primary (independent of insulin resistance) insulin hypersecretion in subjects …

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) from all causes of diabetes is the most common
medical complication of pregnancy and is increasing in incidence, particularly as type 2 …

Context: Selective intraarterial calcium injection of the major pancreatic arteries with hepatic
venous sampling [calcium arterial stimulation (CaStim)] has been used as a localizing tool …

ATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are critical for the maintenance of glucose
homeostasis. They are essential for glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β …