BACKGROUND: The best technique to identify the epidural space for labor analgesia is still
unclear despite the publication of various randomized controlled studies and meta-analyses …

Background: Neuraxial analgesia is currently considered the most effective method of labour
analgesia. While well studied in developed countries, it is uncertain whether the results …

Background: Neuraxial analgesia is currently considered to be the most effective method of
intrapartum analgesia, causing little maternal and foetal sedation. While epidural analgesia …

These are the words used by Dogliotti [1] to describe his own loss-of-resistance technique to
identify the epidural space:“When the needle has penetrated the ligamentum interspinous …

Approaches can be midline or paramedian. The latter approach is favoured for thoracic
epidurals and in patients who are unable to flex their spines or those with significant spinal …

Background: Epidural anesthesia is a popular technique because of advantages like slower
onset of action, controlled hypotension, usefulness in thoracic, abdominal and lower limb …

Discussion It is not uncommon to have a failed epidural that has previously been
administered for labor analgesia. In the literature, the largest case series, which was …