Insects combat infection by mounting powerful immune responses that are mediated by
hemocytes, the fat body, the midgut, the salivary glands and other tissues. Foreign …

Propolis is one of the most fascinating honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) products. It is a plant
derived product that bees produce from resins that they collect from different plant organs …

A strong immune defense is vital for honey bee health and colony survival. This defense can
be weakened by environmental factors that may render honey bees more vulnerable to …

The maintenance of the immune system can be costly, and a lack of dietary protein can
increase the susceptibility of organisms to disease. However, few studies have investigated …

Nosema ceranae is a hot topic in honey bee health as reflected by numerous papers
published every year. This review presents an update of the knowledge generated in the last …

Global pollinators, like honeybees, are declining in abundance and diversity, which can
adversely affect natural ecosystems and agriculture. Therefore, we tested the current …

Across the Northern hemisphere, managed honey bee colonies, Apis mellifera, are currently
affected by abrupt depopulation during winter and many factors are suspected to be …

Honey bees are attacked by numerous parasites and pathogens toward which they present
a variety of individual and group-level defenses. In this review, we briefly introduce the many …

Imidacloprid is the most widely used insecticide in the world. In this study, we used spraying
methods to simulate field exposures of bees to formulated imidacloprid (Advise® 2FL) alone …

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are of vital economic and ecological importance. These
eusocial animals display temporal polyethism, which is an age-driven division of labor …