The retina is a complex tissue with multiple cell layers that are highly ordered. Its
sophisticated structure makes it especially sensitive to external or internal perturbations that …

Exercise reduces the risk of a multitude of disorders, from metabolic disease to cancer, but
the molecular mechanisms mediating the protective effects of exercise are not completely …

Antibodies secreted at the mucosal surface play an integral role in immune defense by
serving to neutralize the pathogen and promote its elimination at the site of entry. Secretory …

Tissue repair processes maintain proper organ function following mechanical or infection-
related damage. In addition to antibacterial properties, mucosal associated invariant T …

Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells that resorb bone, ensuring development and
continuous remodelling of the skeleton and the bone marrow haematopoietic niche …

Newborn microglia rapidly replenish the whole brain after selective elimination of most
microglia (> 99%) in adult mice. Previous studies reported that repopulated microglia were …

Metastasis has been considered as the terminal step of tumor progression. However, recent
genomic studies suggest that many metastases are initiated by further spread of other …

Abstract Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and type I interferons (IFNs) protect against
infections and cancer, but excessive IRF3 activation and type I IFN production cause …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) contribute to barrier immunity, tissue homeostasis, and immune
regulation at various anatomical sites throughout the body. How ILCs maintain their …

The current paradigm in macrophage biology is that some tissues mainly contain
macrophages from embryonic origin, such as microglia in the brain, whereas other tissues …