More than 90% of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs in patients with cirrhosis,
of which hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are the leading causes, while the tumor less …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor and the third
greatest cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and its incidence is increasing. Despite …

Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that mediate immune cell chemotaxis and lymphoid
tissue development. Recent advances have indicated that chemokines and their cognate …

Tumor-associated immune response plays a critical role in cancer pathogenesis. This study
evaluated clinical implications of T cell cytokines and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in HCC …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and aggressive human cancers
worldwide. HCC is an example of inflammation‐related cancer and represents a paradigm …

Cross-presentation is one of the main features of dendritic cells (DCs), which is critically
important for the development of spontaneous and therapy-inducible antitumor immune …

The tumor microenvironment has been largely studied as a dynamic system orchestrated by
inflammatory cells, including cancer cells, stroma as well as the extracellular matrix. It is …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining peripheral tolerance, preventing
autoimmune diseases and limiting chronic inflammatory diseases. Depletion of Tregs results …

We hypothesized that the increased percentages of Regulatory T (Treg) cells, as well as
over expression of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen-4 (CTLA-4) by lymphocyte subsets might …

Over the past decade, several immunotherapies have been approved for the treatment of
melanoma. The most prominent of these are the immune checkpoint inhibitors, which are …