Extracellular vesicles are produced by species across all domains of life, suggesting that
vesiculation represents a fundamental principle of living matter. In Gram-negative bacteria …

The intestine is fundamental in controlling human health. Intestinal epithelial and immune
cells are continuously exposed to millions of microbes that greatly impact on intestinal …

Antibiotic resistance is currently one of the greatest threats to human health. Widespread
use and residues of antibiotics in humans, animals, and the environment can exert selective …

Nanosized extracellular vesicles derived from bacteria contain diverse cargo and transfer
intercellular bioactive molecules to cells. Due to their favorable intercellular interactions, cell …

Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that
contain components from their mother cells. Bacterial EVs are similar in size to mammalian …

Cells from all three domains of life, Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya, produce extracellular
vesicles (EVs) which are sometimes associated with filamentous structures known as …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-derived lipid bilayers secreted by bacteria and
eukaryotic cells. Bacterial membrane vesicles were discovered over 60 years ago and have …

Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical buds of the outer membrane filled with
periplasmic content and are commonly produced by Gram-negative bacteria. The production …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by all domains of life. In Gram-negative bacteria,
EVs are produced by the pinching off of the outer membrane; however, how EVs escape the …

Communication between plant cells and interacting microorganisms requires the secretion
and uptake of functional molecules to and from the extracellular environment and is …