Humic substances (HS) is one of the main organic components of biowaste with high
molecular weight and aromaticity. There is a growing concern that HS will hinder the …

In this study, a mixture of primary sludge and waste activated sludge was pre-treated using
thermal hydrolysis at 145, 160, 175, and 190° C, with processing time varying from 5 to 30 …

Agro-waste having lignocellulosic biomass is considered most effective (heating value 16
MJ/kg) for energy production through anaerobic digestion (AD). However, recalcitrant …

Palm oil, the main vegetable oil produced globally, serves diverse purposes, ranging from
cooking to the production of processed foods, cosmetics, and biodiesel. Despite contributing …

In this study, four batch assays were performed to ensure the synergic effects of co-digestion
and find out the best inoculums to substrate ratio (ISR), carbon to nitrogen ratio (C: N), and …

The composite pollution by Cr (VI) and p-chlorophenol (4-CP) has high toxicity and harms
water safety. However, research on the effective removal of Cr (VI) and 4-CP composite …

Melanoidins, the brown late-stage Maillard reaction products, are responsible for color
development and refractoriness in thermal hydrolyzed sludge (THS), causing negative …

Collagen-based polymers and their blends have attracted considerable interest for new
materials development due to their unique combination of biocompatibility, physical and …

Sulfite is effective in the waste activated sludge (WAS) pretreatment for enhancing its
solubilization, disintegration, and biodegradability. Given the various structures and …

Due to its environmental impact, the growing production of sewage sludge is a prime
concern for wastewater treatment plants. In this study, advanced thermal hydrolysis, the …