SUMMARY The PhoP/PhoQ two-component system governs virulence, Mg2+ homeostasis,
and resistance to a variety of antimicrobial agents, including acidic pH and cationic …

Magnesium (Mg) is the second most abundant cation in mammalian cells, and it is essential
for numerous cellular processes including enzymatic reactions, ion channel functions …

Bacteria can withstand killing by bactericidal antibiotics through phenotypic changes
mediated by their preexisting genetic repertoire. These changes can be exhibited transiently …

Since Jacques Monod's foundational work in the 1940s, investigators studying bacterial
physiology have largely (but not exclusively) focused on the exponential phase of bacterial …

Living systems are built from a small subset of the atomic elements, including the bulk
macronutrients (C, H, N, O, P, S) and ions (Mg, K, Na, Ca) together with a small but variable …

Aging is characterized by significant physiological changes, with the degree of decline
varying significantly among individuals. The preservation of intrinsic capacity over the …

The use of appropriately designed immunotherapeutic bacteria is an appealing approach to
tumor therapy because the bacteria specifically target tumor tissue and deliver therapeutic …

Arsenic (As) is a metalloid that occurs widely in the environment. The biological oxidation of
arsenite [As (III)] to arsenate [As (V)] is considered a strategy to reduce arsenic toxicity and …

Mg2+ is the most abundant divalent cation in living cells. It is essential for charge
neutralization, macromolecule stabilization, and the assembly and activity of ribosomes and …

Disinfectants and their mixtures can induce hormesis. However, how the mixture hormesis is
related to those of components and the interactions in disinfectant mixtures remain unclear …