The significance of uncertainty in policies related to economic decisions is higher than ever
before in today's interconnected world. This study contributes to existing research by …

Corporate political connections (CPCs)—ties that firms forge with political actors—directly
affect firms, political actors, and various stakeholders in societies. This topic has been …

Probably because of their interpretability and transparent nature, synthetic controls have
become widely applied in empirical research in economics and the social sciences. This …

Synthetic control methods are commonly applied in empirical research to estimate the
effects of treatments or interventions on aggregate outcomes. A synthetic control estimator …

Populism at the country level is at an all-time high, with more than 25 percent of nations
currently governed by populists. How do economies perform under populist leaders? We …

This paper studies the asset pricing implications of industrial pollution. A long‐short portfolio
constructed from firms with high versus low toxic emission intensity within an industry …

We adapt simple tools from computational linguistics to construct a new measure of political
risk faced by individual US firms: the share of their quarterly earnings conference calls that …

Against a backdrop of increasingly severe environmental problems, green development has
become a primary goal and crucial mode in the global economy's requirements for …

Managing shale gas resources can cause environmental, safety, and other sustainability
issues. The Environment, Society, and Governance (ESG) report is seen as an important …

Difference-in-differences (DID) is commonly used for causal inference in time-series cross-
sectional data. It requires the assumption that the average outcomes of treated and control …