Brain tissue has a remarkable ability to accumulate glutamate. This ability is due to
glutamate transporter proteins present in the plasma membranes of both glial cells and …

George F. Koob,* Pietro Paolo Sanna, and Floyd E. Bloom diction (Koob and Le Moal, 1997;
Koob et al., 1998). The underlying molecular and cellular changes that Department of …

A fragile balance between excitation and inhibition maintains the normal functioning of the
CNS. The dominant inhibitory neurotransmitter of the mammalian brain is GABA, which acts …

In this article, by reviewing the psychological, psychophysiological, neurobiological, and
psychopharmacological literature on craving for alcohol, it is argued that converging …

In this review first we evaluate evidence on the role of the neurobiological alterations
induced by chronic ethanol consumption in the development of ethanol tolerance …

Background Naltrexone and acamprosate have been shown to be effective in relapse
prevention of alcoholism via different pharmacologic mechanisms. Since it remains …

Background The effectiveness acamprosate (calcium bisacetylhomotaurinate) as a
treatment to maintain abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients was assessed for 1 year …

Vesicular monoamine transporters are known to transport monoamines from the cytoplasm
into secretory vesicles. We have used homologous recombination to generate mutant mice …

Abstinence from chronic administration of various drugs of abuse such as ethanol, opiates,
and psychostimulants results in withdrawal syndromes largely unique to each drug class …

The mechanisms underlying predisposition to alcohol abuse and alcoholism are poorly
understood. In this study, we evaluated the role of cannabinoid (CB1) receptors in (i) …