Diverse invertebrate species have been used for studies of learning and comparative
cognition. Although we have gained invaluable information from this, in this study we argue …

For insects living in an environment where food supplies constantly change, the ability to
learn and to memorize the association of a specific cue with food is indispensable. The …

The evolution of flowering plants has undoubtedly been influenced by a pollinator's ability to
learn to associate floral signals with food. Here, we address the question of 'why'flowers …

Drinking water is innately rewarding to thirsty animals. In addition, the consumed value can
be assigned to behavioral actions and predictive sensory cues by associative learning. Here …

Insects, like vertebrates, have considerable ability to associate visual, olfactory or other
sensory signals with reward or punishment. Previous studies in crickets, honey bees and …

Reinforcement learning research in humans and other species indicates that rewards are
represented in a context-dependent manner. More specifically, reward representations …

We studied olfactory learning in two ant species, Camponotus mus from Argentina and
Camponotus fellah from Israel. To this end, we established an experimental laboratory …

Cyclic AMP pathway plays an essential role in formation of long-term memory (LTM). In
some species, the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP pathway has been found to act in parallel …

The comparative approach is a powerful way to explore the relationship between brain
structure and cognitive function. Thus far, the field has been dominated by the assumption …

Revealing neural systems that mediate appetite and aversive signals in associative learning
is critical for understanding the brain mechanisms controlling adaptive behavior in animals …