Objective. Trigeminal neuralgia is a long-term facial pain syndrome. Our aim was to review
the anatomy of the trigeminal nerve and its anatomical relationship with the adjacent …

BACKGROUND The trigeminal nerve directly innervates key vascular structures both
centrally and peripherally. Centrally, it is known to innervate the brainstem and cavernous …

The infraorbital nerve (ION) and artery (IOA) course in the infraorbital canal (IOC) to exit
through the infraorbital foramen (IOF). Few previous studies brought evidence of accessory …

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effect of the removal of nasal
vestibular cysts through a modified longitudinal incision via a transoral sublabial approach …

Background During oral and head and neck surgery, oral vestibular incisions may require a
transverse incision on the upper lip mucosa, resulting in possible sensory disturbances in …

Background: Facial sensory nerves play vital roles in daily functions like self-protection,
facial expressions, speaking, and eating. Severing the infraorbital nerve (ION) during partial …

Introduction Paresthesia is a common cause of dental malpractice litigation. Symptoms
range from minimal to severely affecting the quality of life. Effective treatments of post …

Infraorbital nerve schwannoma is an infrequent entity that is rarely reported in the paediatric
population. This case report is a summed-up report of this infrequent diagnosis, its …

Auditory training (AT) plays a critical role in optimizing speech perception outcomes for
adults with cochlear implants (CIs). This literature review explores the impact of auditory …

Introduction: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is one of the most crippling facial pain syndromes,
which has a significant impact on quality of life. This chronic disorder presents as brief shock …