Metazoan tissue specification is associated with integration of macrophage lineage cells in
sub-tissular niches to promote tissue development and homeostasis. Oncogenic …

Abstract l-Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP) is involved in
the regulation of immunity, neuronal function and intestinal homeostasis. Imbalances in Trp …

Immunotherapy is often perceived as a relatively recent advance. In reality, however, one
should be looking for the beginnings of cancer immunotherapy under different names as far …

The immunosuppressive activity of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is well documented.
However, the therapeutic benefit is completely unpredictable, thus raising concerns about …

Inflammation aims to restore tissue homeostasis after injury or infection. Age-related decline
of tissue homeostasis causes a physiological low-grade chronic inflammatory phenotype …

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) has immunoregulatory roles associated with tryptophan
metabolism. These include counter-regulation (controlling inflammation) and acquired …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple
organ inflammatory damage and wide spectrum of autoantibodies. The autoantibodies …

Abstract Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a rate-limiting metabolic enzyme that
converts the essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) into downstream catabolites known as …

Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are emerging as key drivers of inflammation and
immunosuppression in chronic infection. Control of these infections requires IFN-I signaling; …

Highlights•Tumors exaggerate and exploit natural immunosuppressive and tolerogenic
mechanisms.•This milieu favors angiogenesis and tissue remodeling but is suppressive for T …