The importance of safer approaches for gene therapy has been underscored by a series of
severe adverse events (SAEs) observed in patients involved in clinical trials for Severe …

There is growing interest in the use of cnidarians (corals, sea anemones, jellyfish and
hydroids) to investigate the evolution of key aspects of animal development, such as the …

The emergence and diversification of cell types is a leading factor in animal evolution. So
far, systematic characterization of the gene regulatory programs associated with cell type …

Communication in bilaterian nervous systems is mediated by electrical and secreted signals;
however, the evolutionary origin and relation of neurons to other secretory cell types has not …

When expression of more than one gene is required in cells, bicistronic or multicistronic
expression vectors have been used. Among various strategies employed to construct …

Abstract Model organisms are widely used in research as accessible and convenient
systems to study a particular area or question in biology. Traditionally only a handful of …

Striated muscles are present in bilaterian animals (for example, vertebrates, insects and
annelids) and some non-bilaterian eumetazoans (that is, cnidarians and ctenophores). The …

Jellyfish are radially symmetric organisms without a brain that arose more than 500 million
years ago. They achieve organismal behaviors through coordinated interactions between …

Reverse genetics and next‐generation sequencing unlocked a new era in biology. It is now
possible to identify an animal (s) with the unique biology most relevant to a particular …

Non-bilaterian phyla represent key lineages for exploring the evolutionary history of early
animals. However, despite an increasing number of sequenced genomes from early …