Geometric morphometrics (GM) has increasingly become an important tool in assessing and
studying shape variation in a wide variety of taxa. While the GM toolkit has unparalleled …

Bipedalism is a hallmark of being human and the human foot is modified to reflect this
unique form of locomotion. Leonardo da Vinci is credited with calling the human foot “a …

Using sampling experiments, we found that, when there are fewer groups than variables,
between-groups PCA (bgPCA) may suggest surprisingly distinct differences among groups …

The adoption of bipedalism is a key benchmark in human evolution that has impacted talar
morphology. Here, we investigate talar morphological variability in extinct and extant …

Objectives The primate talus is known to have a shape that varies according to differences in
locomotion and substrate use. While the modern human talus is morphologically specialized …

The foot has played a prominent role in evaluating early hominin locomotion. The
calcaneus, in particular, plays an important role in weight-bearing. Although the calcanei of …

The hominin talus has figured prominently in previous studies of the functional morphology
of the talocrural joint, but the talocalcaneal and talonavicular joints have received …

During bipedal walking, modern humans dorsiflex their forefoot at the metatarsophalangeal
joints (MTPJs) prior to push off, which tightens the plantar soft tissues to convert the foot into …

Objectives The primate foot has been extensively investigated because of its role in weight‐
bearing; however, the calcaneus has been relatively understudied. Here we examine entire …

Aim As we enter an era of major biodiversity shifts, understanding large‐scale biodiversity
patterns has become crucial for ecological and conservation purposes. Often, conservation …