To investigate the normative trajectory of self-esteem across the life span, this meta-analysis
synthesizes the available longitudinal data on mean-level change in self-esteem. The …

Self‐esteem is a pervasive individual characteristic with major consequences for people's
lives. Recent research demonstrated normative change and substantial individual …

Theorists have long assumed that people's self-esteem and social relationships influence
each other. However, the empirical evidence has been inconsistent, creating substantial …

Sociometer theory asserts that self-esteem is calibrated to one's perceived relational value.
Accordingly, positive feedback should boost self-esteem because it signals acceptance by …

In this study, we examined the effect of family environment on self-esteem development from
late childhood (age 10) through adolescence (age 16), using 4-wave longitudinal data from …

Generation Z's (gen z) sharing of personal information on social media is a growing
phenomenon with significant ramifications. Existing research, however, focuses on …

In this article, we review new insights gained from recent longitudinal studies examining the
development of self-esteem and its influence on important life outcomes. The evidence …

A better understanding is needed of the factors that shape the development of individual
differences in self-esteem. Using a prospective longitudinal design, this research tested …

Different theoretical conceptualizations characterize grandiose narcissists by high, yet
fragile self-esteem. Empirical evidence, however, has been inconsistent, particularly …

Personality traits like neuroticism show both continuity and change across adolescence and
adulthood, with most pronounced changes occurring in young adulthood. It has been …