Hypoxia is an integral component of the tumor microenvironment. Either as chronic or
cycling hypoxia, it exerts a similar effect on cancer processes by activating hypoxia-inducible …

Single agent checkpoint inhibitor therapy has not been effective for most gastrointestinal
solid tumors, but combination therapy with drugs targeting additional immunosuppressive …

AMD3100 (plerixafor, Mozobil®) was first identified as an anti-HIV agent specifically active
against the T4-lymphotropic HIV strains, as it selectively blocked the CXCR4 receptor …

Tumors often overcome the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy through either acquired or
environment-mediated drug resistance. In addition, signals from the microenvironment …

Macrophages represent a heterogeneous group of cells, capable of carrying out distinct
functions in a variety of organs and tissues. Even within individual tissues, their functions …

Ovarian carcinoma (OC) is one of the leading causes of death among gynecologic
malignancies all over the world. It is characterized by high mortality rate because of the lack …

Historically the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its canonical ligand CXCL12 are
associated with the bone marrow niche and hematopoiesis. However, CXCL12 exhibits …

Signaling through chemokine receptor, CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) regulates
essential processes in normal physiology, including embryogenesis, tissue repair …

Reproductive health is a worldwide challenge, but it is of particular significance to women
during their reproductive age. Several female reproductive problems, including polycystic …

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a lethal gynecologic tumor, which brings its mortality to the head.
CXCL12 and its receptor chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) have been found to be highly …