Two decades ago successful transfection of antigen presenting cells (APC) in vivo was
demonstrated which resulted in the induction of primary adaptive immune responses. Due to …

Since the discovery, over a decade and a half ago, that genetically engineered DNA can be
delivered in vaccine form and elicit an immune response, there has been much progress in …

Human malaria affects the vast majority of the world's population with the Plasmodium
falciparum species causing the highest rates of morbidity and mortality. With no licensed …

Biochemical, serological and microbiological methods have been used to dissect pathogens
and identify the components useful for vaccine development. Although successful in many …

It was discovered almost 20 years ago that plasmid DNA, when injected into the skin or
muscle of mice, could induce immune responses to encoded antigens. Since that time, there …

This review provides a detailed look at the attributes and immunologic mechanisms of
plasmid DNA vaccines and their utility as laboratory tools as well as potential human …

In 2013 there were an estimated 584,000 deaths and 198 million clinical illnesses due to
malaria, the majority in sub-Saharan Africa. Vaccines would be the ideal addition to the …

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) that contain immunostimulatory CpG motifs trigger
an immunomodulatory cascade that involves B and T cells, natural killer cells and …

Studies of the administration of interleukin-2 to patients with metastatic melanoma or kidney
cancer have shown that immunological manipulations can mediate the durable regression …

Induction of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells offers the prospect of immunization against many
infectious diseases, but no subunit vaccine has induced CD8+ T cells that correlate with …