The incretin hormones glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐
like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) have their main physiological role in augmenting insulin secretion …

Insulin and glucagon exert opposing effects on glucose metabolism and, consequently,
pancreatic islet β-cells and α-cells are considered functional antagonists. The intra-islet …

Incretin hormones are gut peptides that are secreted after nutrient intake and stimulate
insulin secretion together with hyperglycaemia. GIP (glucose‐dependent insulinotropic …

Islets of Langerhans are islands of endocrine cells scattered throughout the pancreas. A
number of new studies have pointed to the potential for conversion of non-β islet cells in to …

The intra-islet theory states that glucagon secretion is suppressed when insulin secretion is
stimulated, but glucagon's role in intra-islet paracrine regulation is controversial. This study …

The incretin effect describes the phenomenon whereby oral glucose elicits higher insulin
secretory responses than does intravenous glucose, despite inducing similar levels of …

The peptide hormone glucagon, discovered in late 1922, is secreted from pancreatic alpha
cells and is an essential regulator of metabolic homeostasis. This review summarises …

The past decade has witnessed an exponential increase in the number of publications
referring to extracellular vesicles (EVs). For many years considered to be extracellular …

The objective of this research is to gain a greater understanding of the cause of fasting and
postprandial hyperglycemia in people with type 2 diabetes. Endogenous glucose production …

Aims/hypothesis We carried out a systematic review of clinical studies investigating
glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic …