Defective genes account for∼ 80% of the total of more than 7,000 diseases known to date.
Gene therapy brings the promise of a one-time treatment option that will fix the errors in …

A large body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction has a major role in the
pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular disorders. Over the past 2 decades, extraordinary …

Introduction Exosomes are closed-membrane nanovesicles that are secreted by a variety of
cells and exist in most body fluids. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of …

Rationale: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a severe inherited form of muscular dystrophy
caused by mutations in the reading frame of the dystrophin gene disrupting its protein …

The heterocellular nature of the heart has been receiving increasing attention in recent
years. In addition to cardiomyocytes as the prototypical cell type of the heart, non-myocytes …

In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to be associated
with many physiological and pathological processes in cardiac. Recent studies have shown …

Mitochondria provide energy to the cell during aerobic respiration by supplying~ 95% of the
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules via oxidative phosphorylation. These organelles …

Intracellular calcium signaling is a universal language source shared by the most part of
biological entities inside cells that, all together, give rise to physiological and functional …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. A search for more
effective treatments of CVD is increasingly needed. Major advances in nanotechnology …

Gene therapy has been expected to become a novel treatment method since the structure of
DNA was discovered in 1953. The morbidity from cardiovascular diseases remains …