An essential requirement for successful radiation therapy is that the discrepancies between
dose distributions calculated at the treatment planning stage and those delivered to the …

Abstract BEAMnrc is a Monte Carlo simulation system (Med. Phys. 22, 1995, 503–524) for
modelling radiotherapy sources which was developed as part of the OMEGA project to …

Abstract A new Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm, thedose planning method'(DPM), and its
associated computer program for simulating the transport of electrons and photons in …

Due to the significant interest in Monte Carlo dose calculations for external beam
megavoltage radiation therapy from both the research and commercial communities, a …

Several variance reduction techniques, such as photon splitting, electron history repetition,
Russian roulette and the use of quasi-random numbers are investigated and shown to …

Abstract The Monte Carlo code PENELOPE has been used to simulate electron beams from
a Siemens Mevatron KDS linac with nominal energies of 6, 12 and 18 MeV. Owing to its …

The purpose of this study was to implement the Monte Carlo method for clinical radiotherapy
dose calculations. We used the EGS4/BEAM code to obtain the phase‐space data for 6–20 …

geant4 (GEometry ANd Tracking 4) is an object‐oriented Monte Carlo simulation toolkit that
has been developed by a worldwide collaboration of scientists. It simulates the passage of …

Intensity-modulated arc therapy (IMAT) is a radiation therapy delivery technique that
combines gantry rotation with dynamic multi-leaf collimation (MLC). With IMAT, the benefits …

Abstract Photon beams of 4, 6 and 15 MV from Varian Clinac 2100C and 2300C/D
accelerators were simulated using the EGS4/BEAM code system. The accelerators were …