The global emergence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is a growing threat to
antibiotic therapy. The chromosomally encoded drug efflux mechanisms that are ubiquitous …

Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen and gram-negative coccobacillus that is
responsible for opportunistic infections, pneumonia, and infections of the urinary tract …

Lipopolysaccharide molecules represent a unique family of glycolipids based on a highly
conserved lipid moiety known as lipid A. These molecules are produced by most gram …

SUMMARY ATP-binding cassette (ABC) systems are universally distributed among living
organisms and function in many different aspects of bacterial physiology. ABC transporters …

The MacB ABC transporter forms a tripartite efflux pump with the MacA adaptor protein and
TolC outer membrane exit duct to expel antibiotics and export virulence factors from Gram …

Over 1 million new cases of all types of cancer are diagnosed each year in the United States
alone, and 559 650 cancer-related deaths were expected to occur in 2007. 1 …

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are integral membrane proteins that translocate a
wide variety of substrates across cellular membranes and are conserved from bacteria to …

Determining the chemical composition of biological materials is paramount to the study of
natural phenomena. Here, we describe the composition of model gram-negative outer …

Membrane proteins responsible for the active efflux of structurally and functionally unrelated
drugs were first characterized in higher eukaryotes. To date, a vast number of transporters …

EmrD is a multidrug transporter from the Major Facilitator Superfamily that expels
amphipathic compounds across the inner membrane of Escherichia coli. Here, we report the …