The composition and state of Earth's core, located deeper than 2,900 km from the surface,
remain largely uncertain. Recent static experiments on iron and alloys performed up to inner …

In addition to its global North–South anisotropy, there are two other enigmatic seismological
observations related to the Earth's inner core: asymmetry between its eastern and western …

The inner core is a planet within a planet: a hot sphere with a mass of one hundred
quintillion tons of iron and nickel that lies more than 5000 kilometres beneath our feet. It …

Seismic waves have long been known to attenuate at a rate greater than that predicted by
geometric spreading of their wave fronts. Knopoff (1964) pointed out more than four decades …

The seismological exploration of the Earth's inner core has revealed unexpected and
puzzling structural complexities. Its elastic anisotropy is now well established, and has been …

The Earth was formed by the accretion of both differentiated and undifferentiated parent
bodies, and the large density difference between metallic and ionic components gave rise to …

Recent seismological observations suggest the existence of a≈ 150-km-thick density-
stratified layer with a P-wave velocity gradient that differs slightly from PREM. Such a …

The inner core boundary (ICB) of the earth is characterized by a discontinuous change in
elastic properties between the liquid outer and solid inner core. In the ray theory …

Differential travel times and waveforms of PKIKP and PKiKP phases in the 129°–141°
distance range, deconvolved for the effects of source time functions and average mantle …

Increasing seismic evidence has accumulated, suggesting that the Earth's outer core
consists of distinct zones of low P-wave velocities in the top and bottom regions relative to …