The epidermis is located in the outermost layer of the living body and is the place where
external stimuli such as ultraviolet rays and microorganisms first come into contact …

Abstract The Indian Ayurvedic physicians knew the concept of inflammation dating back to
1500 BC. The continuous progress in the immunology of inflammation has explained its …

Purpose Heavy pigmentation is known to be a prognostic risk factor in uveal melanoma
(UM). We analyzed whether genetic tumor parameters were associated with tumor …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of vision loss with
ageing, is characterised by degeneration of the photoreceptors and retinal pigment …

Introduction Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular cancer and represents a
discrete subtype of melanoma. Metastatic disease, which occurs in half of patients, has a …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belong to a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). It is well
known that TLRs play an essential role in activating innate and adaptive immune responses …

The uveal tract consists of the iris, the ciliary body and the choroid; these three distinct
tissues form a continuous layer within the eye. Uveitis refers to inflammation of any region of …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are associated with tumor growth and immunosuppression, as
well as apoptosis and immune system activation. TLRs can activate apoptosis and innate …

Meibomian gland dysfunction is one of the most common ocular diseases, with therapeutic
treatment being primarily palliative due to our incomplete understanding of meibomian …

The choroid within the human eye contains a rich milieu of cells including melanocytes.
Human choroidal melanocytes (HCMs) absorb light, regulate free radical production, and …