Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune, slowly progressive, cholestatic, liver
disease characterized by a triad of chronic cholestasis, circulating anti-mitochondrial …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be recruited to damaged tissues directly for
regeneration. Exosomes, acting as an important ingredient of MSCs-involved intercellular …

Introduction: Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a unique form of acute kidney injury seen in
cirrhotic patients and associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Despite its impact …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in patients with end-stage liver disease
and advanced cirrhosis regardless of the underlying cause. Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), a …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common accompaniment in patients with liver disease. The
causes, risk factors, manifestations and management of AKI in these patients vary according …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently in patients with cirrhosis, and hepatorenal
syndrome (HRS) is second most common etiology of AKI after volume responsible pre-renal …

Vasopressin (AVP) and its receptors play a pivotal role in maintaining body homeostasis
under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. As a consequence, the vasopressin …

Abstract Hyponatremia (Na+< 135 mmol/l) is the most common electrolyte disorder.
Cirrhosis represents a rather frequent cause of hyponatremia mainly due to systemic and …

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) occurs in patients with cirrhosis or fulminant hepatic failure
and is a kind of pre-renal failure due to intense reduction of kidney perfusion induced by …

Volume overload is common in liver cirrhosis, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease,
being an independent risk factor for mortality. Loop diuretics have been widely used for …