Pertussis is a severe respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis, and in 2008,
pertussis was associated with an estimated 16 million cases and 195,000 deaths globally …

Bordetella respiratory infections are common in people (B. pertussis) and in animals (B.
bronchiseptica). During the last two decades, much has been learned about the virulence …

The phenomenon of peptidoglycan recycling is reviewed. Gram-negative bacteria such as
Escherichia coli break down and reuse over 60% of the peptidoglycan of their side wall each …

Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough, a severe respiratory tract infection in infants
and children, and also infects adults. Studies in murine models have shown that innate …

Insects depend solely upon innate immune responses to survive infection. These responses
include the activation of extracellular protease cascades, leading to melanization and …

Drosophila rely entirely on an innate immune response to combat microbial infection.
Diaminopimelic acid–containing peptidoglycan, produced by Gram-negative bacteria, is …

Tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), a fragment of the bacterial surface molecule peptidoglycan (PGN),
is the factor responsible for the extensive tissue damage characteristic of whooping cough …

The commensal fungus Candida albicans often causes life-threatening infections in patients
who are immunocompromised with high mortality. A prominent but poorly understood risk …

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen that causes mucosal surface
infections of male and female reproductive tracts, pharynx, rectum, and conjunctiva …

Insects rely on innate immune mechanisms to defend themselves against microbes. The
inducible anti‐microbial peptides constitute an important arm of this defense. In Drosophila …