Traditionally, the visual analogue scale (VAS) has been proposed to overcome the
limitations of ordinal measures from Likert-type scales. However, the function of VASs to …

Quite a lot of research is available on the relationships between survey response scales'
characteristics and the quality of responses. However, it is often difficult to extract practical …

Background: The visual analog scale (VAS) is a validated, subjective measure for acute and
chronic pain. Scores are recorded by making a handwritten mark on a 10-cm line that …

Likert, Likert-type, and ordinal-scale responses are very popular psychometric item scoring
schemes for attempting to quantify people's opinions, interests, or perceived efficacy of an …

Taking into account both traditional and emerging modes, this comprehensive new
Handbook covers all major methodological and statistical issues in designing and analyzing …

The development and widespread use of Web surveys have resulted in an outpouring of
research on their design. In this volume, Tourangeau, Conrad, and Couper provide a …

The classic survey design reference, updated for the digital age For over two decades,
Dillman's classic text on survey design has aided both students and professionals in …

Abstract Introduction The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) is a commonly used
instrument in the evaluation of fibromyalgia (FM) patients. Over the last 18 years, since the …

Many scholars agree on the general theoretical structure of metacognition, which is what
informed the development of the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI). Although self …

Since test items are the building blocks of any test, learning how to develop and validate test
items has always been critical to the teaching-learning process. As they grow in importance …