Extracellular vesicles are produced by species across all domains of life, suggesting that
vesiculation represents a fundamental principle of living matter. In Gram-negative bacteria …

Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical buds of the outer membrane filled with
periplasmic content and are commonly produced by Gram-negative bacteria. The production …

This review focuses on nonlytic outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), a subtype of bacterial
extracellular vesicles (BEVs) produced by Gram-negative organisms focusing on the …

Antibiotic therapy is one of the most important approaches against bacterial infections.
However, the improper use of antibiotics and the emergence of drug resistance have …

Abstract Background Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are constitutively produced by Gram-
negative bacteria throughout growth and have proposed roles in virulence, inflammation …

Respiratory tract infections are a major global health concern, accounting for high morbidity
and mortality, especially in young children and elderly individuals. Traditionally, highly …

Chronic infections are frequently caused by polymicrobial biofilms. Importantly, these
infections are often difficult to treat effectively in part due to the recalcitrance of biofilms to …

All bacteria produce secreted vesicles that carry out a variety of important biological
functions. These extracellular vesicles can improve adaptation and survival by relieving …

Chronic respiratory diseases including chronic rhinosinusitis, otitis media, asthma, cystic
fibrosis, non-CF bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are a major …

Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic agent that causes sepsis and meningitis in pigs and
humans. S. suis infections are responsible for large economic losses in pig production. The …