The “second messenger” archetype cAMP is one of the most important cellular signalling
molecules with central functions including the regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion …

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a hormone that is encoded in the proglucagon gene. It is
mainly produced in enteroendocrine L cells of the gut and is secreted into the blood stream …

Stimulus-secretion coupling is an essential process in secretory cells in which regulated
exocytosis occurs, including neuronal, neuroendocrine, endocrine, and exocrine cells. While …

The adenylyl cyclases are variously regulated by G protein subunits, a number of
serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases, and Ca2+. In some physiological situations …

Incretins, hormones released by the gut after meal ingestion, are essential for maintaining
systemic glucose homeostasis by stimulating insulin secretion. The effect of incretins on …

Cyclic AMP is a ubiquitous second messenger that transduces signals from a variety of cell
surface receptors to regulate diverse cellular functions, including secretion, metabolism and …

Aims/hypothesis Glucagon is critical for normal glucose homeostasis and aberrant secretion
of the hormone aggravates dysregulated glucose control in diabetes. However, the …

Glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP; gastric inhibitory polypeptide) is a 42
amino acid hormone that is produced by enteroendocrine K‐cells and released into the …

Clarification of the molecular mechanisms of insulin secretion is crucial for understanding
the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of diabetes and for development of novel therapeutic …

Pancreatic β-cells possess an inherent ability to generate oscillatory signals that trigger
insulin release. Coordination of the secretory activity among β-cells results in pulsatile …