Fluid overload has been associated with morbidity and mortality in various clinical scenarios
including heart failure and critical illness. It exerts pathologic sequelae in almost all the …

Cardiovascular diseases pose a major threat worldwide. Common cardiovascular diseases
include acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure, atrial fibrillation (AF) and …

Summary of Key Points In this document, we propose a universal definition of heart failure
(HF) as the following: HF is a clinical syndrome with symptoms and or signs caused by a …

Aims Lactate is produced by anaerobic metabolism and may reflect inadequate tissue
perfusion in conditions such as acute heart failure (AHF). We evaluated the prevalence and …

Heart failure is a systemic syndrome caused by multiple pathological factors. Current
treatments do not have satisfactory outcomes. Several basic studies have revealed the …

Precision cardiology aims to implement personalized health care and precise medical
decisions based on the specific characteristics of individuals. Metabolic remodeling plays a …

Preexisting heart failure (HF) in patients with sepsis is associated with worse clinical
outcomes. Core sepsis management includes aggressive volume resuscitation followed by …

Background In recent years, the application of Shenmai (SM) injection, a traditional Chinese
medicine (TCM), to treat heart failure (HF) has been gradually accepted in China. However …

Heart failure (HF) is a cardiovascular disease affecting about 26 million people worldwide
costing about $100 billons per year. HF activates several compensatory mechanisms and …

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by the inability of the heart to meet the
circulatory demands of the body without requiring an increase in intracardiac pressures at …