Freeze-out of the gas-phase elements onto cold grains in dense interstellar and
circumstellar media builds up ice mantles consisting of molecules that are mostly formed in …

In this chapter we will discuss the evolution of dust in protoplanetary disks, focusing on the
processes of grain growth and the observational consequences of this process. In the …

Context. Water is a key molecule in the physics and chemistry of star and planet formation,
but it is difficult to observe from Earth. The Herschel Space Observatory provided …

Circumstellar disks are thought to experience a rapid" transition" phase in their evolution that
can have a considerable impact on the formation and early development of planetary …

Flattened, rotating disks of cool dust and gas extending for tens to hundreds of astronomical
units are found around almost all low-mass stars shortly after their birth. These disks …

We present the results of a high angular resolution (0 farcs 3≈ 40 AU) Submillimeter Array
survey of the 345 GHz (870 μm) thermal continuum emission from nine of the brightest, and …

We present a sensitive, multiwavelength submillimeter continuum survey of 153 young
stellar objects in the Taurus-Auriga star formation region. The submillimeter detection rate is …

Context. The specific location from where molecules emit in a protoplanetary disk depends
on the system properties. Therefore, directly constraining the emitting regions radially …

ABSTRACT A model for irradiated dust disks around Herbig Ae stars is proposed. The
model is based on the flaring disk model given by Chiang and Goldreich in 1997, but with …

Planets are built from planetesimals: solids larger than a kilometer that grow by colliding in
pairs. Planetesimals themselves are unlikely to form by two-body collisions alone; …