One of the major concerns of modern society is to identify putative biomarkers that serve as
a valuable early diagnostic tool to identify a subset of patients with increased risk to develop …

Drug addiction has been associated with an increased risk for cancer, psychological
complications, heart, liver, and lung disease, as well as infection. While genes have been …

A major hypothesis in addiction research is that alcohol induces neuroadaptations in the
mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system and that these neuroadaptations represent a key …

Loss of control over drinking is a key deficit in alcoholism causally associated with
malfunction of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), but underlying molecular and cellular …

A major hypothesis in the addiction field suggests deficits in dopamine signaling during
abstinence as a driving mechanism for the relapsing course of the disorder. Paradoxically …

Biomarkers are a recent research target within biological factors of psychiatric disorders.
There is growing evidence for deriving biomarkers within psychiatric disorders in serum or …

Metabolism being a fundamental part of molecular physiology, elucidating the structure and
regulation of metabolic pathways is crucial for obtaining a comprehensive perspective of …

This paper is the thirty-eighth consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2015 …

Introduction: Pharmacometabolomics is an emerging science pursuing the application of
precision medicine. Combining both genetic and environmental factors, the so-called …

Background: The unprecedented proliferation of new psychoactive substances (NPS)
threatens public health and challenges drug policy. Information on NPS pharmacology and …