Atherosclerosis is a pathologic process affecting blood vessels, which leads to the
development of cardiovascular disease. The immune system is involved in atherogenesis …

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is the association of thrombosis and/or pregnancy
morbidity with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Thirty to forty percent of systemic lupus …

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by venous
thromboembolism, arterial thrombosis, and obstetric morbidities in the setting of persistently …

Cohort studies of survival in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often have been limited by
methodologic problems. In studies of inception cohorts of patients followed since 1980 …

Premature coronary heart disease (CHD) has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and
mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Overall SLE patients have a 5 …

Immunologic research into pathogenic mechanisms operating in autoimmune-mediated
atherosclerosis initially focused on adaptive immunity. Current interest is directed to more …

The idea that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease is no longer controversial. Instead,
much of the current research is now focused on understanding what drives this inflammation …

The high affinity of human plasma β2‐glycoprotein I (β 2 GPI), also known as apolipoprotein‐
H (ApoH), for negatively charged phospholipids determines its implication in a variety of …

Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is one of the earliest events in
atherosclerosis. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) represents a variety of modification of both lipid and …

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in SLE, including
the Hopkins Lupus Cohort. Currently, 9% of the cohort have had clinical evidence (angina or …