The biological basis of human aging remains one of the greatest unanswered scientific
questions. Increasing evidence, however, points to a role for alterations in mitochondrial …

Calorie restriction (CR), the reduction of dietary intake below energy requirements while
maintaining optimal nutrition, is the only known nutritional intervention with the potential to …

Organisms use energy to grow and reproduce, so the processes of energy metabolism and
biological production should be tightly bound. On the basis of this tenet, we developed and …

Land vegetation is currently taking up large amounts of atmospheric CO2, possibly due to
tree growth stimulation. Extant models predict that this growth stimulation will continue to …

The rates and patterns of somatic mutation in normal tissues are largely unknown outside of
humans,,,,,–. Comparative analyses can shed light on the diversity of mutagenesis across …

Telomere shortening to a critical length can trigger aging and shorter life spans in mice and
humans by a mechanism that involves induction of a persistent DNA damage response at …

Biologists have long appreciated the critical role that energy turnover plays in understanding
variation in performance and fitness among individuals. Whole-organism metabolic studies …

Animals are biological transformers of dietary matter and energy to produce high-quality
foods and wools for human consumption and use. Mammals, birds, fish, and shrimp require …

Restricting the intake of calories has been practiced as a method for increasing both the
length and quality of life for over 500years. Experimental work confirming the success of this …

A prominent signal of the Anthropocene is the extinction and population reduction of the
megabiota—the largest animals and plants on the planet. However, we lack a predictive …