Fluorescence bioimaging affords a vital tool for both researchers and surgeons to
molecularly target a variety of biological tissues and processes. This review focuses on …

Near-infrared fluorescence imaging has gained a lot of attention in biomedicine by virtue of
its high sensitivity, high specificity, and many other advantages. Moreover, near-infrared II …

Near-infrared (NIR) organic small molecule dyes (OSMDs) are effective photothermal agents
for photothermal therapy (PTT) due to their advantages of low cost and toxicity, good …

Due to the merits of decreased photon attenuation, autofluorescence, and scattering, the
near‐infrared (NIR, 700–1700 nm) region is an important window in the field of biomedicine …

It is an emerging focus to develop a simple and straightforward strategy to synthesize
multifunctional nanomedicines for cancer imaging and treatment. In this work, a new carbon …

Photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal therapies (PTT) are emerging treatments for tumour
ablation. Organic dyes such as porphyrin, chlorin, phthalocyanine, boron-dipyrromethene …

A class of near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) heptamethine cyanine dyes that are taken up
and accumulated specifically in cancer cells without chemical conjugation have recently …

Heptamethine cyanine dyes, typified by indocyanine green, have been extensively
employed as bioimaging indicators and theranostic agents. Significant efforts have been …

Fluorescence imaging (FLI), a non‐invasive, real‐time, and highly sensitive imaging
modality, allows for investigating the molecular/cellular level activities to understand …

Due to the low autofluorescence and deep-photo penetration, the second near-infrared
region fluorescence imaging technology (NIR-II, 1000–2000 nm) has been widely utilized in …