Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are characterized by excessive and
uncontrolled inflammation and thrombosis, both of which are responsible for organ damage …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a worldwide chronic autoimmune disease which
may affect every organ and tissue. Genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and the …

Glomerular disease, be it primary or secondary, occurring in the setting of systemic
autoimmune diseases, infections, drugs, or malignancy, affects individuals of all ages. In …

The antimalarial hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has demonstrated several crucial properties for
the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Herein, we reviewed the main HCQ …

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence
of antiphospholipid antibodies, such as lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies and …

Besides treating acute flares, the management of SLE should aim at preventing organ
damage accrual and drug-associated harms, improving health-related quality of life and …

The principle of treating-to-target has been successfully applied to many diseases outside
rheumatology and more recently to rheumatoid arthritis. Identifying appropriate therapeutic …

Objective Patients with rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and lupus have
increased risk of infection and are treated with medications that may increase this risk yet …

The anti-malarial drugs chloroquine (CQ) and primarily the less toxic hydroxychloroquine
(HCQ) are currently used to treat autoimmune diseases for their immunomodulatory and anti …

Despite advances in therapy for rheumatic diseases, hydroxychloroquine remains almost
universally recommended for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and is …