The Industry 4.0 digital transformation envisages future industrial systems to be fully
automated, including the control, upgrade, and configuration processes of a large number of …

Because more and more on-board electronics devices are being used inside such
complicated systems as cars or spacecraft, Ethernet-based protocol with high bandwidth …

This paper investigates several existing techniques for reducing high-availability seamless
redundancy (HSR) unicast traffic in HSR networks for substation automation systems (SAS) …

The high-availability seamless redundancy (HSR) protocol is one of the most potential
redundancy protocols that provides two frame copies for each sent frame; one copy from …

High-availability seamless redundancy (HSR) is a fault-tolerant protocol for Ethernet
networks that provides two frame copies for each frame sent. Each copy is forwarded on a …

En este artículo se analizan de manera detallada los protocolos de redundancia utilizados
para redes de automatización y protección de sistemas de potencia eléctrica. Con base en …

The Smart Grid is a high availability system that requires fault recovery protocols to minimize
downtime. In addition, recovery, in most cases, must be made within certain temporal …

Industrial automation has been widely used in electric power substations. In this context, the
IEC 61850 standard provides for the utilisation of redundancy in the data link layer to …

Purpose This paper aims to focus on the implementation of the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) 61850–9-2 standard based process bus with merging units (MUs) and …