Due to the fact that mRNA technology allows the production of diverse vaccines and
treatments in a shorter time frame and with reduced expense compared to conventional …

Messenger RNA (mRNA) has received great attention in the prevention and treatment of
various diseases due to the success of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) mRNA …

Cancer vaccines aim to direct the immune system to eradicate cancer cells. Here we review
the essential immunologic concepts underpinning natural immunity and highlight the …

Synergistically improving T-cell responsiveness is promising for favorable therapeutic
outcomes in immunologically cold tumors, yet current treatments often fail to induce a …

Lung carcinoma is one of the most common cancers and has one of the lowest survival rates
in the world. Cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL-12) have demonstrated considerable …

Cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen
receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, have transformed clinical oncology. However, limited patient …

In recent years, nanoparticles have evolved to a clinical modality to deliver diverse nucleic
acids. Rising interest in nanomedicines comes from proven safety and efficacy profiles …

Cytokines are secreted or membrane-presented molecules that mediate broad cellular
functions, including development, differentiation, growth and survival. Accordingly, the …

Effective cancer immunotherapy is usually blocked by immunosuppressive factors in the
tumour microenvironment, resulting in tumour promotion, metastasis and recurrence. Here …

Decreased antigen presentation contributes to the ability of cancer cells to evade the
immune system. We used the minimal gene regulatory network of type 1 conventional …