Introduction: Endoscopic spine surgery has been developed as a minimally invasive
technique for decompression in patients with lumbar disc herniation or lumbar stenosis …

Innovations in the development of endoscopic spinal surgery were classified into different
generations and reviewed. Future developments and directions for endoscopic spinal …

Background Percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (PETLIF) has
been used in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases, as a novel minimally invasive …

Lumbar interbody fusion (LIF) is an effective and popular surgical procedure for the
management of various spinal pathologies, especially degenerative diseases. Currently, LIF …

Biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) may have advantages of
minimally invasive fusion surgery as well as those of endoscopic surgery. The purpose of …

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of percutaneous full‐endoscopic transforaminal
lumbar interbody fusion (Endo‐TLIF) with percutaneous pedicle screws (PPSs) performed …

Objective. Endoscopic surgeries have been attempted in the field of lumbar decompression
and fusion surgery in the past decade. Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion …

Background: Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) and
percutaneous endoscopic TLIF (PE-TILF) have been widely used in spine surgery. The use …

Lumbar interbody fusion (LIF) is an excellent treatment option for a number of lumbar
diseases. LIF can be performed through posterior, transforaminal, anterior, and lateral or …

Transforaminal endoscopic spine surgery (T-ESS) has become a well-accepted technique.
The first attempts at percutaneous discectomy by Kambin and Hijikata opened a new …