The human microbiome is composed of a collection of dynamic microbial communities that
inhabit various anatomical locations in the body. Accordingly, the coevolution of the …

Multidrug resistant bacteria are a global threat for human and animal health. However, they
are only part of the problem of antibiotic failure. Another bacterial strategy that contributes to …

Plasmids have a key role in bacterial ecology and evolution because they mobilize
accessory genes by horizontal gene transfer. However, recent studies have revealed that …

Members of the genus Klebsiella have rapidly evolved within the past decade, generating
organisms that simultaneously exhibit both multidrug resistance and hypervirulence (MDR …

Plants protect themselves with a vast array of toxic secondary metabolites, yet most plants
serve as food for insects. The evolutionary processes that allow herbivorous insects to resist …

The prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)
in the microbiome is a major public health concern globally. Many habitats in the …

Plasmids can mediate horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance, virulence genes, and
other adaptive factors across bacterial populations. Here, we analyze genomic composition …

Conventional CRISPR–Cas systems maintain genomic integrity by leveraging guide RNAs
for the nuclease-dependent degradation of mobile genetic elements, including plasmids and …

Glaciers represent a unique inventory of microbial genetic diversity and a record of
evolution. The Tibetan Plateau contains the largest area of low-latitude glaciers and is …

Resistance to antibiotics is escalating and threatening humans and animals worldwide.
Different countries have legislated or promoted the ban of antibiotics as growth promoters in …