Conservation management options for southern African elephants range from local to
regional scales. Here we review these options and argue in favour of actions that will deal …

An hypothesis predicting which woody species selected by elephant are at risk of local
extirpation is based on an understanding of elephant digestive physiology, foraging ecology …

The effects of fire–grazing interactions on grass communities are difficult to identify because
fire and grazing influence each other on a landscape scale. Persistent heavy grazing can …

At a landscape scale, the combined influence of biotic and abiotic factors may determine the
distribution patterns of large herbivores in African savanna ecosystems. Herbivores foraging …

The work of conservation biology has grown from local studies of single species into a
discipline concerned with mapping and managing biodiversity on a global scale. Remote …

Summary 1 Concerns over the ecological impacts of high African elephant Loxodonta
africana densities suggest that it may be necessary to control their numbers locally, although …

It has been argued that the wide-scale provision of artificial surface water in semi-arid
savannas may result in homogenisation of foraging regimes, compromising biodiversity and …

Elephants have fascinated humans for millennia. Aristotle wrote of them with awe; Hannibal
used them in warfare; and John Donne called the elephant “Nature's greatest masterpiece …

How to respond to growing elephant numbers in the Kruger National Park and elsewhere in
southern Africa continues to be a contentious issue. In contrast to the public perception …

Summary 1 Gradients of animal impact known as piospheres tend to develop around
artificial watering points, particularly in arid zones. Such grazing gradients represent a …