Recent advances have clarified how the brain detects CO 2 to regulate breathing (central
respiratory chemoreception). These mechanisms are reviewed and their significance is …

Lung ventilation fluctuates widely with behavior but arterial PCO 2 remains stable. Under
normal conditions, the chemoreflexes contribute to PaCO 2 stability by producing small …

The gene regulatory circuitry through which pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells choose
between self-renewal and differentiation appears vast and has yet to be distilled into an …

The ventral surface of the rostral medulla oblongata has been suspected since the 1960s to
harbor central respiratory chemoreceptors [ie, acid-activated neurons that regulate breathing …

Neurovascular coupling (NVC), which mediates rapid increases in cerebral blood flow in
response to neuronal activation, is commonly used to map brain activation or dysfunction …

Blood gas and tissue pH regulation depend on the ability of the brain to sense CO2 and/or
H+ and alter breathing appropriately, a homeostatic process called central respiratory …

Abstract High Ventilation Breathwork (HVB) refers to practices employing specific volitional
manipulation of breathing, with a long history of use to relieve various forms of psychological …

Sighs prevent the collapse of alveoli in the lungs, initiate arousal under hypoxic conditions,
and are an expression of sadness and relief. Sighs are periodically superimposed on …

TASK2 (also known as KCNK5) channels generate pH-gated leak-type K+ currents to
control cellular electrical excitability,–. TASK2 is involved in the regulation of breathing by …

The interoceptive homeostatic mechanism that controls breathing, blood gases and acid‐
base balance in response to changes in CO2/H+ is exquisitely sensitive, with convergent …