Immunity to malaria has been linked to the availability and function of helper CD4+ T cells,
cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and γδ T cells that can respond to both the asymptomatic liver stage …

▪ Abstract Observations in the early 1990s that plasmid DNA could directly transfect animal
cells in vivo sparked exploration of the use of DNA plasmids to induce immune responses by …

CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are critical for protection against intracellular
pathogens but often have been difficult to induce by subunit vaccines in animals. DNA …

Summary Background RTS, S/AS02 is a pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine based on the
circumsporozoite surface protein of Plasmodium falciparum fused to HBsAg, incorporating a …

Vaccines against a variety of infectious diseases represent one of the great triumphs of
medicine. The immune correlates of protection induced by most current vaccines seem to be …

Immunization with irradiated sporozoites can protect against malaria infection and intensive
efforts are aimed at reproducing this effect with subunit vaccines. A particular sequence of …

Cutaneous gene (DNA) bombardment results in substantial expression of the encoded
antigen in the epidermal layer as well as detectable expression in dendritic cells (DC) in …

Publisher Summary Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a multifunctional cytokine, the roles of which
extend over both acquired and innate immunity, and its major role has been thought to be …

Sterile protective immunity against challenge with Plasmodium spp. sporozoites can be
induced in multiple model systems and humans by immunization with radiation-attenuated …

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a key mediator of inflammatory immune responses induced
primarily by interleukin-12 (IL-12). IFN-γ secretion by both innate and adaptive immune cells …