Messenger RNA (mRNA) represents an attractive therapeutic modality for potentially a wide
range of clinical indications but requires uridine chemistry modification and/or tuning of the …

Immune complexes containing DNA and RNA are responsible for disease manifestations
found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). B cells contribute to SLE …

The relative roles of the endosomal TLR3/7/8 versus the intracellular RNA helicases RIG-I
and MDA5 in viral infection is much debated. We investigated the roles of each pattern …

Endothelial cells have multifaceted interactions with the immune system, both as initiators
and targets of immune responses. In vivo, apoptotic endothelial cells release two types of …

Efferocytosis is defined as the highly effective phagocytic removal of apoptotic cells (ACs) by
professional or non-professional phagocytes. Tissue-resident professional phagocytes …

Dysregulation of the innate immune response underlies numerous pathological conditions.
The TLR4 is the prototypical sensor of infection or injury that orchestrates the innate …

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent pathological type of liver
cancer worldwide with high mortality and poor prognosis. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) can …

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoparticule A1/A2 (hnRNP A1/A2) and splicing factor
2/alternative splicing factor (SF2/ASF) are pivotal for precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) …

The key step in the activation of autoreactive B cells is the internalization of nucleic acid
containing ligands and delivery of these ligands to the Toll-like Receptor (TLR) containing …

IL-18 is an important mediator involved in chronic inflammatory conditions such as
cutaneous lupus erythematosus, psoriasis and chronic eczema. An imbalance between IL …